Let f(x) be a continuous function on I=[a,b], and let g(x) be a differentiable function on I. Let g(a)=0 and c≠0 a constant. Prove that if

|g(x) f(x)+c g′(x)|≤|g(x)| for all x∈I,

then g(x)=0 for all x∈I.

The best solution was submitted by Seungkyun Park (박승균), 수리과학과 2008학번. Congratulations!

Here is his Solution of Problem 2011-18.

Alternative solutions were submitted by 김범수 (수리과학과 2010학번, +3), 장경석 (2011학번, +3),  김태호 (2011학번, +2), 김재훈 (EEWS대학원, +2).

Let f(n) be the maximum positive integer m such that the sum of all positive divisors of m is less than or equal to n. Find all positive integers k such that there are infinitely many positive integers n satisfying the equation n-f(n)=k.

The best solution was submitted by Taeho Kim (김태호), 2011학번. Congratulations!

Here is his Solution of Problem 2011-17.

Alternative solutions were submitted by 김범수 (수리과학과 2010학번, +3), 서기원 (수리과학과 2009학번, +3), 박승균 (수리과학과 2008학번, +3), 장경석 (2011학번, +3), 구도완 (해운대고등학교 3학년, +3), 손동현 (유성고등학교 2학년, +2), 어수강 (서울대학교 석사과정, +2).

Update: I forgot to add 최민수 (2011학번, +3) into the list of people submitted alternative solutions.

Let A₁, A₂, A₃, …, A_n be finite sets such that |A_i| is odd for all 1≤i≤n and |A_i∩A_j| is even for all 1≤i<j≤n. Prove that it is possible to pick one element a_i in each set A_i so that a₁, a₂, …,a_n are distinct.

The best solution was submitted by Ilhee Kim (김일희) and Ringi Kim (김린기), Graduate Students, Princeton University.

Here is Solution of Problem 2011-16.

Alternative solutions were submitted by 강동엽 (전산학과 2009학번, +3, solution by 강동엽), 문상혁 & 박상현 (2010학번, +3), 장경석 (2011학번, +3), 이재석 (수리과학과 2007학번, +2). Three incorrect solutions were submitted by B. Kim, J. Lee, Y. Park.

Let n be a positive integer. Let ω=cos(2π/n)+i sin(2π/n). Suppose that A, B are two complex square matrices such that AB=ω BA. Prove that (A+B)ⁿ=Aⁿ+Bⁿ.

The best solution was submitted by Gee Won Suh (서기원), 수리과학과 2009학번. Congratulations!

Here is his Solution of Problem 2011-15.

Alternative solutions were submitted by 박민재 (2011학번, +3, alternative solution), 장경석 (2011학번, +3).

For a positive integer n>1, let f(n) be the largest real number such that for every n×n diagonal matrix M with positive diagonal entries, if tr(M)<f(n), then M-J is invertible. Determine f(n). (The matrix J is the square matrix with all entries 1.)

The best solution was submitted by Kyoungseok Jang(장경석), 2011학번. Congratulations!

Here is his Solution of Problem 2011-14.

Alternative solutions were submitted by 곽영진 (2011학번, +3), 박민재 (2011학번, +3), 라준현 (수리과학과 2008학번, +3), 서기원 (수리과학과 2009학번, +3), 배다슬 (수리과학과 2008학번, +3), 김범수 (수리과학과 2010학번, +3), 어수강 (서울대학교 수리과학부 대학원, +3), 조위지 (Stanford Univ. 물리학과 박사과정, +3).

PS. There were solutions without computing the determinant. Here is a Solution of Problem 2011-14 by 김범수.

Let a₁, a₂, … be a sequence of non-negative real numbers less than or equal to 1. Let \(S_n=\sum_{i=1}^n a_i\) and \(T_n=\sum_{i=1}^n S_i\). Prove or disprove that \(\sum_{n=1}^\infty a_n/T_n\) converges. (Assume a₁>0.)

The best solution was submitted by Minjae Park (박민재), 2011학번. Congratulations!

Here is his Solution of Problem 2011-13. (There is a minor mistake in the proof.)

Alternative solutions were submitted by 어수강 (서울대학교 대학원, +2), 백진언 (한국과학영재학교, +2).

Let M=(m_i,j)_1≤i,j≤n be an n×n matrix such that m_i,j=i(i+1)(i+2)…(i+j-2). (Note that m_1,1=1.) What is the determinant of M?

The best solution was submitted by Seungkyun Park (박승균), 수리과학과 2008학번. Congratulations!

Here is his Solution of Problem 2011-12.

Alternative solutions were submitted by 조상흠 (수리과학과 2010학번, +3), 장경석 (2011학번, +3), 김원중 (2011학번, +3), 박민재 (2011학번, +3),   서기원 (수리과학과 2009학번, +3), 김범수 (2010학번, +3), 어수강 (서울대학교, +3),  조위지 (Stanford Univ. 물리학과 박사과정, +3).

Let f(n) be the largest integer k such that n! is divisible by \(n^k\). Prove that \[ \lim_{n\to \infty} \frac{(\log n)\cdot \max_{2\le i\le n} f(i)}{n \log\log n}=1.\]

The best solution was submitted by Minjae Park (박민재), 2011학번. Congratulations!

Here is his Solution of Problem 2011-7.

Alternative solutions were submitted by 양해훈 (수리과학과 2008학번, +3), 이재석 (수리과학과 2007학번, +2).

Prove that for every skew-symmetric matrix A, there are symmetric matrices B and C such that A=BC-CB.

The best solution was submitted by Minjae Park (박민재), 2011학번.  Congratulations!

Here is his Solution of Problem 2011-11.

Alternative solutions were submitted by 강동엽 (전산학과 2009학번, +3), 서기원 (수리과학과 2009학번, +3), 어수강 (홍익대 수학교육과, +3, Alternative Solution of Problem 2011-11).

Let \(t_1,t_2,\ldots,t_n\) be positive integers. Let \(p(x_1,x_2,\dots,x_n)\) be a polynomial with n variables such that \(\deg(p)\le t_1+t_2+\cdots+t_n\). Prove that \(\left(\frac{\partial}{\partial x_1}\right)^{t_1} \left(\frac{\partial}{\partial x_2}\right)^{t_2}\cdots \left(\frac{\partial}{\partial x_n}\right)^{t_n} p\) is equal to \[\sum_{a_1=0}^{t_1} \sum_{a_2=0}^{t_2}\cdots \sum_{a_n=0}^{t_n} (-1)^{t_1+t_2+\cdots+t_n+a_1+a_2+\cdots+a_n}\left( \prod_{i=1}^n \binom{t_i}{a_i} \right)p(a_1,a_2,\ldots,a_n).\]

The best solution was submitted by Kang, Dongyub (강동엽), 전산학과 2009학번. Congratulations!

Here is his Solution of Problem 2011-10

An alternative solution was submitted by 박민재 (2011학번, +3).