Notice on POW 2020-08

Due to a technical issue, POW 2020-08 was posted on Monday. Correspondingly, the due date for POW 2020-08 is postponed to May 29, Sat. (by noon).

GD Star Rating

2020-08 Geometric action revisited

In the problem 2019-08 (https://mathsci.kaist.ac.kr/pow/2019/2019-08-group-action/), we considered a group G acting by isometries on a proper geodesic metric space X properly discontinuously and cocompactly. Such an action is called a geometric action. The conclusion was that a geometric action leads to that G is finitely generated.

Would this conclusion still hold in the case the space X is not necessarily proper?

GD Star Rating

Solution: 2020-07 Perfect square

Suppose that $$x, y, z$$ are positive integers satisfying
$0 \leq x^2 + y^2 – xyz \leq z+1.$
Prove that $$x^2 + y^2 – xyz$$ is a perfect square.

The best solution was submitted by 임상호 (수리과학과 2016학번). Congratulations!

Here is his solution of problem 2020-07.

Another solution was submitted by 김기수 (수리과학과 2018학번, +3), 홍의천 (수리과학과 2017학번, +3)

GD Star Rating

2020-07 Perfect square

Suppose that $$x, y, z$$ are positive integers satisfying
$0 \leq x^2 + y^2 – xyz \leq z+1.$
Prove that $$x^2 + y^2 – xyz$$ is a perfect square.

GD Star Rating

Notice: Mid-term break

POW will resume on May 15.

GD Star Rating

Solution: 2020-06 A binary maze

A binary maze consists of $$n$$ separate rooms. Each room has a teleportation machine but no doors. The numbers $$a_{i,j}\in [n]$$ are given for all $$(i,j)\in [n]\times \{0,1\}$$. If you shout a number $$j\in \{0,1\}$$ while you are in the room $$i$$, then the teleportation machine will teleport you to the room $$a_{i,j}$$.

You don’t know the numbers $$a_{i,j}$$, but it is given that for any $$i\neq i’$$, there exists a way to reach room $$i’$$ from room $$i$$ by shouting numbers $$0$$ and $$1$$ in some order.

At the beginning, your enemy will teleport you into one of the rooms while your eyes are closed. Your goal is to visit all rooms at least once with your eyes closed. As your eyes are closed, you don’t know which rooms you have visited before and you don’t know which room you are currently at.

So, you decide to pick a sequence $$b=(b_1,\dots, b_s) \in \{0,1\}^s$$ before entering the binary maze and decide to shout the numbers $$b_1,\dots, b_s$$ in order. Find a lower bound $$\ell(n)$$ and an upper bound $$u(n)$$ on the minimum length of a sequence which guarantees that you can visit all $$n$$ rooms. If your $$\frac{u(n)}{\ell(n)}$$ is smaller than some polynomial of $$n$$ for all $$n\in\mathbb{N}$$ , then you will get full points.

The best solution was submitted by 홍의천 (수리과학과 2018학번). Congratulations!

Here is his solution of problem 2020-06.

Another solution was submitted by 강한필 (전산학부 2016학번, +3).

GD Star Rating

2020-06 A binary maze

A binary maze consists of $$n$$ separate rooms. Each room has a teleportation machine but no doors. The numbers $$a_{i,j}\in [n]$$ are given for all $$(i,j)\in [n]\times \{0,1\}$$. If you shout a number $$j\in \{0,1\}$$ while you are in the room $$i$$, then the teleportation machine will teleport you to the room $$a_{i,j}$$.

You don’t know the numbers $$a_{i,j}$$, but it is given that for any $$i\neq i’$$, there exists a way to reach room $$i’$$ from room $$i$$ by shouting numbers $$0$$ and $$1$$ in some order.

At the beginning, your enemy will teleport you into one of the rooms while your eyes are closed. Your goal is to visit all rooms at least once with your eyes closed. As your eyes are closed, you don’t know which rooms you have visited before and you don’t know which room you are currently at.

So, you decide to pick a sequence $$b=(b_1,\dots, b_s) \in \{0,1\}^s$$ before entering the binary maze and decide to shout the numbers $$b_1,\dots, b_s$$ in order. Find a lower bound $$\ell(n)$$ and an upper bound $$u(n)$$ on the minimum length of a sequence which guarantees that you can visit all $$n$$ rooms. If your $$\frac{u(n)}{\ell(n)}$$ is smaller than some polynomial of $$n$$ for all $$n\in\mathbb{N}$$ , then you will get full points.

GD Star Rating

Solution: 2020-05 Completion of a metric space

We say a metric space complete if every Cauchy sequence converges.

Let (X, d) be a metric space. Show that there exists an isometric imbedding from X to a complete metric space Y so that the image of X in Y is dense.

The best solution was submitted by 김기수 (수리과학과 2018학번). Congratulations!

Here is his solution of problem 2020-05.

Other solutions were submitted by 고성훈 (수리과학과 2018학번, +3), 구은한 (수리과학과 2019학번, +3), 길현준 (수리과학과 2018학번, +3), 김기택 (수리과학과 2015학번, +3), 이준호 (2016학번, +3).

GD Star Rating

2020-05 Completion of a metric space

We say a metric space complete if every Cauchy sequence converges.

Let (X, d) be a metric space. Show that there exists an isometric imbedding from X to a complete metric space Y so that the image of X in Y is dense.

GD Star Rating

Solution: 2020-04 Convergence at all but one point

Let $$f_n : [-1, 1] \to \mathbb{R}$$ be a continuous function for $$n = 1, 2, 3, \dots$$. Define

$g_n(y) := \log \int_{-1}^1 e^{y f_n(x)} dx.$

Suppose there exists a continuous function $$g: \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}$$ and $$y_0 \in \mathbb{R}$$ such that $$\lim_{n \to \infty} g_n(y) = g(y)$$ for all $$y \neq y_0$$. Prove or disprove that $$\lim_{n \to \infty} g_n(y_0) = g(y_0)$$.

The best solution was submitted by 홍의천 (수리과학과 2017학번). Congratulations!

Here is his solution of problem 2020-04.

Other solutions were submitted by 길현준 (수리과학과 2018학번, +3), 김기택 (수리과학과 2015학번, +3), 이준호 (2016학번, +3).

GD Star Rating