# 2013-04 Largest eigenvalue of a symmetric matrix

Let $$H$$ be an $$N \times N$$ real symmetric matrix. Suppose that $$|H_{kk}| < 1$$ for $$1 \leq k \leq N$$. Prove that, if $$|H_{ij}| > 4$$ for some $$i, j$$, then the largest eigenvalue of $$H$$ is larger than $$3$$.

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# Solution: 2013-03 Hyperbolic cosine

Let $$t$$ be a positive real number and $$m$$ be a positive integer. Show that if both $$\cosh \, mt$$ and $$\cosh \, (m+1)t$$ are rational then $$\cosh \, t$$ is also rational.

The best solution was submitted by 홍혁표, 13학번. Congratulations!

Other solutions were submitted by 라준현(08학번, +3), 서기원(09학번, +3), 김호진(09학번, +3), 김범수(10학번, +3), 박지민(12학번, +3), 김정민(12학번, +2), 양지훈(10학번, +2), 황성호(13학번, +2). Thank you for your participation.

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# 2013-03 Hyperbolic cosine

Let $$t$$ be a positive real number and $$m$$ be a positive integer. Show that if both $$\cosh \, mt$$ and $$\cosh \, (m+1)t$$ are rational then $$\cosh \, t$$ is also rational.

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# Solution: 2013-02 Functional equation

Let $$\mathbb{Z}^+$$ be the set of positive integers. Suppose that $$f : \mathbb{Z}^+ \to \mathbb{Z}^+$$ satisfies the following conditions.

i) $$f(f(x)) = 5x$$.

ii) If $$m \geq n$$, then $$f(m) \geq f(n)$$.

iii) $$f(1) \neq 2$$.

Find $$f(256)$$.

The best solution was submitted by 김호진, 09학번. Congratulations!

Similar solutions were also submitted by 황성호(13학번, +3), 양지훈(10학번, +3), 홍혁표(13학번, +3), 김준(13학번, +3), 서기원(09학번, +3), 이주호(12학번, +3), 박훈민(13학번, +3), 송유신(10학번, +3), 임현진(10학번, +3), 라준현(08학번, +3), 김정민(12학번, +3), 박지민(12학번, +3), 김태호(11학번, +3), 김범수(10학번, +3), 전한솔(고려대 13학번, +3), 어수강(서울대 석사과정, +3), 이시우(POSTECH 13학번, +3), 정우석(서강대 11학번, +3), 윤성철(홍익대 09학번, +3), 김재호(하나고, +3), 이정준(08학번, +2). Thank you for your participation.

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# Solution: 2013-01 Inequality involving eigenvalues and traces

Let $$A, B$$ be $$N \times N$$ symmetric matrices with eigenvalues $$\lambda_1^A \leq \lambda_2^A \leq \cdots \leq \lambda_N^A$$ and $$\lambda_1^B \leq \lambda_2^B \leq \cdots \leq \lambda_N^B$$. Prove that
$\sum_{i=1}^N |\lambda_i^A – \lambda_i^B|^2 \leq Tr (A-B)^2$

The best solution was submitted by 라준현, 08학번. Congratulations!

Alternative solutions were submitted by 김호진(09학번, +3), 서기원(09학번, +3), 곽걸담(11학번, +3), 김정민(12학번, +2), 홍혁표(13학번, +2). Thank you for your participation.

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# 2013-02 Functional equation

Let $$\mathbb{Z}^+$$ be the set of positive integers. Suppose that $$f : \mathbb{Z}^+ \to \mathbb{Z}^+$$ satisfies the following conditions.

i) $$f(f(x)) = 5x$$.

ii) If $$m \geq n$$, then $$f(m) \geq f(n)$$.

iii) $$f(1) \neq 2$$.

Find $$f(256)$$.

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# 2013-01 Inequality involving eigenvalues and traces

Let $$A, B$$ be $$N \times N$$ symmetric matrices with eigenvalues $$\lambda_1^A \leq \lambda_2^A \leq \cdots \leq \lambda_N^A$$ and $$\lambda_1^B \leq \lambda_2^B \leq \cdots \leq \lambda_N^B$$. Prove that

$\sum_{i=1}^N |\lambda_i^A – \lambda_i^B|^2 \leq Tr (A-B)^2$

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# Math Problem of the Week 2013 will begin at March 8.

The first problem of 2013 spring semester will be posted at March 8. As usual, problems will be posted on every Thursday at noon 3:30PM Friday at 3PM and solutions will be due next Wednesday at noon. Please submit your solution to jioon at kaist.ac.kr or bring it to the department of mathematical sciences (to put it into the mailbox of Prof. Ji Oon Lee).

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