Determine all \(n\times n\) matrices A such that \( \operatorname{tr}(AXY)=\operatorname{tr}(AYX)\) for all \(n\times n\) matrices \(X\) and \(Y\).

The best solution was submitted by Choi, Doo Seong (최두성, 수리과학과 2011학번). Congratulations!

Here is his solution of problem 2015-5.

Alternative solutions were submitted by 고경훈 (2015학번, +3), 김기현 (수리과학과 2012학번, +3), 김경석 (2015학번, +3), 엄태현 (수리과학과 2012학번, +3), 오동우 (2015학번, +3), 유찬진 (2015학번, +3), 이수철 (수리과학과 2012학번, +3), 이명재 (수리과학과 2012학번, +3), 이영민 (수리과학과 2012학번, +3), 장기정 (수리과학과 2014학번, +3), 정성진 (수리과학과 2013학번, +3), 진우영 (수리과학과 2012학번, +3), 최인혁 (2015학번, +3), 함도규 (2015학번, +3), 홍혁표 (수리과학과 2013학번, +3), 박성혁 (수리과학과 2014학번, +2), 이종원 (수리과학과 2014학번, +2), 전한솔 (고려대, +3), 어수강 (서울대 수리과학부 대학원생, +3).

Let \( M=\begin{pmatrix} A & B \\ B^*& C \end{pmatrix}\) be a positive semidefinite Hermian matrix. Prove that \[ \operatorname{rank} M \le \operatorname{rank} A +\operatorname{rank} C.\] (Here, \(A\), \(B\), \(C\) are matrices.)

The best solution was submitted by 엄태현 (수리과학과 2012학번). Congratulations!

Here is his solution of problem 2015-04.

Alternative solutions were submitted by 고경훈 (2015학번, +3), 김경석 (2015학번, +3), 김기현 (수리과학과 2012학번, +3), 박성혁 (수리과학과 2014학번, +3), 오동우 (2015학번, +3), 이명재 (수리과학과 2012학번, +3), 이수철 (수리과학과 2012학번, +3, solution), 이종원 (수리과학과 2014학번, +3, solution), 장기정 (수리과학과 2014학번, +3), 정성진 (수리과학과 2013학번, +3), 진우영 (수리과학과 2012학번, +3), 최인혁 (2015학번, +3).

Let \(\{a_n\}\) be a sequence of non-negative reals such that \( \lim_{n\to \infty} a_n \sum_{i=1}^n a_i^5=1\). Prove that \[ \lim_{n\to \infty} a_n  (6n)^{1/6} = 1.\]

The best solution was submitted by 고경훈 (2015학번). Congratulations!

Here is his solution of Problem 2015-3.

Alternative solutions were submitted by 이종원 (수리과학과 2014학번, +3), 김경석 (2015학번, +3), 김기현 (수리과학과 2012학번, +3), 엄태현 (수리과학과 2012학번, +3), 이명재 (수리과학과 2012학번, +3), 정성진 (수리과학과 2013학번, +3), 진우영 (수리과학과 2012학번, +3), 최인혁 (2015학번, +3), 이수철 (수리과학과 2012학번, +3), 국윤범 (2015학번, +3), 박지현 (경상고등학교 2학년, +3). One incorrect solution was submitted (SKB).

Let \(T\) be a triangle. Prove that if every point of a plane is colored by Red, Blue, or Green, then there is a triangle similar to \(T\) such that all vertices of this triangle have the same color.

The best solution was submitted by 박훈민 (수리과학과 2013학번). Congratulations!

Here is his solution of problem 2015-2.

Alternative solutions were submitted by 국윤범/고경훈 (2015학번, +3 jointly / +2 each), 김경석 (2015학번, +3), 김기현 (수리과학과 2012학번, +3), 엄태현 (수리과학과 2012학번), 오동우 (2015학번, +3), 이명재 (수리과학과 2012학번, +3), 이수철 (2012학번, +2), 이영민 (수리과학과 2012학번, +3), 이종원 (수리과학과 2014학번, +3), 장기정 (수리과학과 2014학번, +3), 정성진 (수리과학과 2013학번, +3), 진우영 (수리과학과 2012학번, +3), 최인혁 (2015학번, +3). There was 1 incorrect solution (SML).

Let \( A\) be a set of \(n\ge 2\) odd integers. Prove that there exist two distinct subsets \(X\), \(Y\) of \(A\) such that \[ \sum_{x\in X} x\equiv\sum_{y\in Y}y \pmod{2^n}.\]

The best solution was submitted by 이종원 (수리과학과 2014학번). Congratulations!

Here is his solution of problem 2015-1.

Alternative solutions were submitted by 고경훈 (2015학번, +3), 김경석 (2015학번, +3), 김기현 (2012학번, +3), 김동철 (2013학번, +3), 배형진 (마포고 1학년, +2), 어수강 (서울대 수리과학부 대학원생, +3), 엄태현 (2012학번, +3), 오동우 (2015학번, +3), 유찬진 (2015학번, +3), 윤성철 (홍익대 수학교육과, +3), 이명재 (수리과학과 2012학번, +3), 이병학 (2013학번, +3), 이상민 (수리과학과 2014학번, +3), 이수철 (2012학번, +3), 이시우 (POSTECH 수학과 2013학번, +3), 이영민 (2012학번, +3), 장기정 (수리과학과 2014학번, +3), 정성진 (2013학번, +3), 진우영 (수리과학과 2012학번, +3), 최두성 (수리과학과 2011학번, +3), 최인혁 (2015학번, +3), Muhammadfiruz Hassnov (2014학번, +3).

Suppose that \(n\) points are chosen randomly on a sphere. What is the probability that all points are on some hemisphere?

The best solution was submitted by 채석주 (수리과학과 2013학번). Congratulations!

Here is his solution of 2014-24.

An alternative solution was submitted by 이병학 (수리과학과 2013학번, +3).

Let \(f:[0,1]\to \mathbb R\) be a differentiable function with \(f(0)=0\), \(f(1)=1\). Prove that for every positive integer \(n\), there exist \(n\) distinct numbers \(x_1,x_2,\ldots,x_n\in(0,1)\) such that \[ \frac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^n \frac{1}{f'(x_i)}=1.\]

The best solution was submitted by Heo, Won Yeong (허원영), 2014학번. Congratulations!

Here is his solution of 2014-23.

Alternative solutions were submitted by 김태겸 (전기및전자공학과 2013학번, +3), 박민재 (수리과학과 2011학번, +3), 윤준기 (2014학번, +3), 장기정 (2014학번, +3),  박훈민 (수리과학과 2013학번, +3), 채석주 (수리과학과 2013학번, +3), 박지민 (전산학과 2012학번, +2), 이병학 (수리과학과 2013학번, +3), 어수강 (서울대학교 수리과학부, +3), 김동률 (강원과학고등학교 2학년, +3), 박지현 (경상고등학교 1학년, +3), 진형준 (인천대학교 수학과 2014학번, +3).

For a nonnegative real number \(x\), let \[ f_n(x)=\frac{\prod_{k=1}^{n-1} ((x+k)(x+k+1))}{ (n!)^2}\] for a positive integer \(n\). Determine  \(\lim_{n\to\infty}f_n(x)\).

The best solution was submitted by Hun-Min Park (박훈민), 수리과학과 2013학번. Congratulations!

Here is his solution of problem 2014-22.

Alternative solutions were submitted by 박민재 (수리과학과 2011학번, +3, his solution), 박지민 (전산학과 2012학번, +3), 이병학 (수리과학과 2013학번, +3), 채석주 (수리과학과 2013학번, +3).

Let \(\mathcal F\) be a non-empty collection of subsets of a finite set \(U\). Let \(D(\mathcal F)\)  be the collection of subsets of \(U\) that are subsets of an odd number of members of \(\mathcal F\). Prove that \(D(D(\mathcal F))=\mathcal F\).

The best solution was submitted by Jimin Park (박지민), 전산학과 2012학번. Congratulations!

Here is his solution of Problem 2014-21.

Alternative solutions were submitted by 박민재 (수리과학과 2011학번, +3), 채석주 (수리과학과 2013학번, +3), 이병학 (수리과학과 2013학번, +3), 정경훈 (서울대 컴퓨터공학과 2006학번, +3), 조현우 (경남과학고등학교 3학년, +3), 김경석 (경기과학고등학교 3학년, +3).

Let \(G\) be a group such that it has no element of order \(2\) and \[ (ab)^2=(ba)^2\] for all \(a,b\in G\). Prove that \(G\) is abelian.

The best solution was submitted by Chae, Seok Joo (채석주), 수리과학과 2013학번. Congratulations!

Here is his solution of problem 2014-20.

Alternative solutions were submitted by 박민재 (수리과학과 2011학번, +3), 박지민 (수리과학과 2012학번, +3), 장기정 (2014학번, +3), 박훈민 (수리과학과 2013학번, +3), 이병학 (수리과학과 2013학번, +3), 한미진 (순천향대학교 2014학번, +3), 한대진 (인천신현여중 교사, +3), 김경석 (경기과학고 3학년, +3), 진형준 (인천대학교 수학과 2014학번, +3), 장일승 (인천대학교 수학과, +3), 조현우 (경남과학고 3학년, +2).