Let \(n\) be a fixed positive integer. Find all functions \( f:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}\) satisfying \[ f(x^{n+1}-y^{n+1})=(x-y)[f(x)^n+f(x)^{n-1}f(y)+\cdots+f(x)f(y)^{n-1}+f(y)^n].\]

The best solution was submitted by Kim, Taeho (김태호), 수리과학과 2011학번. Congratulations!

Here is his Solution of Problem 2012-15.

Alternative solutions were submitted by 임정환 (수리과학과 2009학번, +3), 곽걸담 (물리학과 2011학번, +2), 서기원 (수리과학과 2009학번, +2),  김홍규 (수리과학과 2011학번, +2), 김지원 (수리과학과 2010학번, +2), 이명재 (2012학번, +2), 조상흠 (수리과학과 2010학번, +2). There were 2 incorrect submissions (LHJ, KDR).

Determine all continuous functions \(f:(0,\infty)\to(0,\infty)\) such that \[ \int_t^{t^3} f(x) \, dx = 2\int_1^t f(x)\,dx\] for all \(t>0\).

The best solution was submitted by Junghwan Lim (임정환), 수리과학과 2009학번. Congratulations!

Here is his Solution of Problem 2012-14.

Alternative solutions were submitted by 김주완 (2010학번, +3), 김태호 (수리과학과 2011학번, +3), 김홍규 (2011학번, 3), 곽걸담 (물리학과 2011학번, +3), 이신영 (2012학번, +3), 박민재 (2011학번, +3), 박종호 (수리과학과 2009학번, +3), 서기원 (수리과학과 2009학번, +3), 윤영수 (2011학번, +3), 이명재 (2012학번, +3), 조상흠 (2010학번, +3), 조준영 (2012학번, +3), 양지훈 (수리과학과 2010학번, +2), 최원준 (물리학과 2009학번, +2), 장영재 (수리과학과 2011학번, +2), 김건수 (서울대학교 전기컴퓨터공학부 2012학번, +3), 고재윤 (연세대학교, +3), 박훈민 (대전과학고 3학년, +3), 박항 (한국과학영재학교 2010학번, +3), 어수강 (서울대학교 수리과학부 대학원생, +3). There were 3 incorrect solutions submitted (RJH, KDR, JWS).

Let A be a finite set of complex numbers. Prove that there exists a subset B of A such that \[ \bigl\lvert\sum_{z\in B} z\bigr\lvert \ge \frac{ 1}{\pi}\sum_{z\in A} \lvert z\rvert.\]

The best solution was submitted by Minjae Park (박민재), 2011학번. Congratulations!

Here is Solution of Problem 2012-12.

Two incorrect solutions were submitted (M.J.L., W.S.J.).

Let f be a continuous function from [0,1] such that f([0,1]) is a circle. Prove that there exists two closed intervals \(I_1, I_2 \subseteq [0,1]\) such that \(I_1\cap I_2\) has at most one point, \(f(I_1)\) and \(f(I_2)\) are semicircles, and \(f(I_1)\cup f(I_2)\) is a circle.

The best solution was submitted by Myeongjae Lee (이명재), 2012학번. Congratulations!

Here is his Solution of Problem 2012-11.

Alternative solution was submitted by 박민재(2011학번, +3). Two incorrect solutions were submitted (W.S.J., K.M.P.).

Determine all Platonic solids that can be drawn with the property that all of its vertices are rational points.

The best solution was submitted by Myeongjae Lee (이명재), 2012학번. Congratulations!

Here is his Solution of Problem 2012-10.

Alternative solutions were submitted by 박민재 (2011학번, +3, Solution), 정우석 (서강대학교 2011학번, +3), 박훈민 (대전과학고 2학년, +2). One incorrect solution was submitted (G.S.).

Let M be an n⨉n matrix over the reals. Prove that \(\operatorname{rank} M=\operatorname{rank} M^2\) if and only if \(\lim_{\lambda\to 0}  (M+\lambda I)^{-1}M\) exists.

The best solution was submitted by Myeongjae Lee (이명재), 2012학번. Congratulations!

Here is his Solution of Problem 2012-9.

Alternative solutions were submitted by 서기원 (수리과학과 2009학번, +3), 박민재 (2011학번, +3).

Let X be a finite non-empty set. Suppose that there is a function \(f:X\to X\) such that \( f^{20120407}(x)=x\) for all \(x\in X\). Prove that the number of elements x in X such that \(f(x)\neq x\) is divisible by 20120407.

The best solution was submitted by Myeongjae Lee (이명재), 2012학번. Congratulations!

Here is his Solution of Problem 2012-8.

Alternative solutions were submitted by Phan Kieu My (전산학과 2009학번, +3), 김태호 (수리과학과 2011학번, +3), 박민재 (2011학번, +3), 서기원 (수리과학과 2009학번, +3), 천용 (전남대 의예과 2011학번, +3), 어수강 (서울대학교 석사과정, +3), 정우석 (서강대학교 2011학번, +3), 박훈민 (대전과학고 2학년, +3). There were 2 incorrect solutions (S. B., S. H.).

Let X be the set of all postive real numbers c such that  \[\frac{\prod_{k=1}^{n-1} \sin\left( \frac{k \pi}{2n}\right)}{c^n} \]  converges as n goes to infinity. Find the infimum of X.

The best solution was submitted by Taeho Kim (김태호, 수리과학과 2011학번). Congratulations!

Here is his Solution of Problem 2012-7.

Alternative solutions were submitted by 서기원 (수리과학과 2009학번, +3), 박민재 (2011학번, +3), 조준영 (2012학번, +3), 이명재 (2012학번, +3), 정우석 (서강대 2011학번, +3), 천용 (전남대 의예과 2011학번 +3), 어수강 (서울대학교 석사과정, +2).

Let \(f:\mathbb{R}^n\to \mathbb{R}^{n-1}\) be a function such that for each point a in \(\mathbb{R}^n\), the limit $$\lim_{x\to a} \frac{|f(x)-f(a)|}{|x-a|}$$ exists. Prove that f is a constant function.

The best solution was submitted by Minjae Park (박민재), 2011학번. Congratulations!

Here is his Solution of Problem 2011-23.

Let p be a prime number and let n be a positive integer. Let \(A=\left( \binom{i+j-2}{i-1}\right)_{1\le i\le p^n, 1\le j\le p^n} \) be a \(p^n \times p^n\) matrix. Prove that \( A^3 \equiv I \pmod p\), where I is the \(p^n \times p^n\) identity matrix.

The best solution was submitted by Minjae Park (박민재), 2011학번. Congratulations!

Here is his Solution of Problem 2012-6.

Alternative solutions were submitted by 서기원 (수리과학과 2009학번, +3), 이명재 (2012학번, +2).