Let \( H \) be an \( N \times N \) positive definite matrix and \( G = H^{-1} \). Let \( H’ \) be an \( (N-1) \times (N-1) \) matrix obtained by removing the \( N \)-th row and the column of \( H \), i.e., \( H’_{ij} = H_{ij} \) for any \( i, j = 1, 2, \cdots, N-1 \). Let \( G’ = (H’)^{-1} \). Prove that
\[
G_{ij} – G’_{ij} = \frac{G_{iN} G_{Nj}}{G_{NN}}
\]
for any \( i, j = 1, 2, \cdots, N-1 \).

The best solution was submitted by Park, Hun Min (박훈민, 수리과학과 2013학번). Congratulations!

Here is his solution of problem_2015_17.

Alternative solutions were submitted by 이종원 (수리과학과 2014학번, +3), 최인혁 (2015학번, +3), 박성혁 (수리과학과 2014학번, +3, solution), 신준형 (2015학번, +3), 이영민 (수리과학과 2012학번, +3), 장기정 (수리과학과 2014학번, +3), 함도규 (2015학번, +3).

Let \(T\) be a triangle. Prove that if every point of a plane is colored by Red, Blue, or Green, then there is a triangle similar to \(T\) such that all vertices of this triangle have the same color.

The best solution was submitted by 박훈민 (수리과학과 2013학번). Congratulations!

Here is his solution of problem 2015-2.

Alternative solutions were submitted by 국윤범/고경훈 (2015학번, +3 jointly / +2 each), 김경석 (2015학번, +3), 김기현 (수리과학과 2012학번, +3), 엄태현 (수리과학과 2012학번), 오동우 (2015학번, +3), 이명재 (수리과학과 2012학번, +3), 이수철 (2012학번, +2), 이영민 (수리과학과 2012학번, +3), 이종원 (수리과학과 2014학번, +3), 장기정 (수리과학과 2014학번, +3), 정성진 (수리과학과 2013학번, +3), 진우영 (수리과학과 2012학번, +3), 최인혁 (2015학번, +3). There was 1 incorrect solution (SML).

For a nonnegative real number \(x\), let \[ f_n(x)=\frac{\prod_{k=1}^{n-1} ((x+k)(x+k+1))}{ (n!)^2}\] for a positive integer \(n\). Determine  \(\lim_{n\to\infty}f_n(x)\).

The best solution was submitted by Hun-Min Park (박훈민), 수리과학과 2013학번. Congratulations!

Here is his solution of problem 2014-22.

Alternative solutions were submitted by 박민재 (수리과학과 2011학번, +3, his solution), 박지민 (전산학과 2012학번, +3), 이병학 (수리과학과 2013학번, +3), 채석주 (수리과학과 2013학번, +3).

Let \( f: [0, \infty) \to \mathbb{R} \) be a function satisfying the following conditions:

(1) For any \( x, y \geq 0 \), \( f(x+y) \geq f(x)+f(y) \).

(2) For any \( x \in [0, 2] \), \( f(x) \geq x^2 – x \).

Prove that, for any positive integer \( M \) and positive reals \( n_1, n_2, \cdots, n_M \) with \( n_1 + n_2 + \cdots + n_M = M \), we have

\[ f(n_1) + f(n_2) + \cdots + f(n_M) \geq 0. \]

The best solution was submitted by 박훈민. Congratulations!

Alternative solutions were submitted by 김경석 (+3), 김일희 (+3), 안현수 (+3), 어수강 (+3), 윤성철 (+3), 이영민 (+3), 이종원 (+3), 장경석 (+3), 장기정 (+3), 정성진 (+3), 정진야 (+3), 조준영 (+3), 채석주 (+3), 황성호 (+3). Incorrect solutions were submitted by K.W.J., K.H.S., N.J.H, M.K.Y., S.W.C., L.H.B., C.W.H. (Some initials here might have been improperly chosen.)

Let \( R \) be a ring of characteristic zero. Assume further that \( na \neq 0 \) for a positive integer \( n \) and \( a \in R \) unless \( a = 0 \). Suppose that \( e, f, g \in R \) are idempotent (with respect to the multiplication) and satisfy \( e + f + g = 0 \). Show that \( e = f = g = 0 \). (An element \( a \) is idempotent if \( a^2 = a \). )

The best solution was submitted by 박훈민. Congratulations!

Similar solutions are submitted by 김동현(+3), 김호진(+3), 도수일(+3), 박민재(+3), 정성진(+3), 진우영(+3). Thank you for your participation.

Remark: Special thanks to 김동현, who first reported that the condition `characteristic zero’ is insufficient for the problem.

Let \( f : [0, 1] \to \mathbb{R} \) be a continuously differentiable function with \( f(0) = 0 \) and \( 0 < f'(x) \leq 1 \). Prove that \[ \left( \int_0^1 f(x) dx \right)^2 \geq \int_0^1 [f(x)]^3 dx. \]

The best solution was submitted by 박훈민, 13학번. Congratulations!

Other solutions were submitted by 라준현(08학번, +3), 김호진(09학번, +3), 서기원(09학번, +3), 김범수(10학번, +3), 황성호(13학번, +3), 홍혁표(13학번, +3), 김준(13학번, +3), 전한솔(고려대 13학번, +3), 이시우(POSTECH 13학번, +3), 한대진(신현여중 교사, +3). Thank you for your participation.