The top 5 participants of the semester are:
Hearty congratulations to the prize winners! The prize ceremony will be held on Jun. 19 (Wed.) at 2PM.
We thank all of the participants for the nice solutions and your intereset you showed for POW. We hope to see you next semester with even better problems.
Let \( A = \{ (a_1, a_2, \cdots, a_n : a_i = \pm 1 \, (i = 1, 2, \cdots, n) \} \subset \mathbb{R}^n \). Prove that, for any \( X \subset A \) with \( |X| > 2^{n+1}/n \), there exist three distinct points in \( X \) that are the vertices of an equilateral triangle.
The best solution was submitted by 서기원, 09학번. Congratulations!
Similar solutions were submitted by 라준현(08학번, +3), 김호진(09학번, +3), 황성호(13학번, +3), 박정현(일반, +3), 정요한(서울시립대, +3). Thank you for your participation.
Let \( A = \{ (a_1, a_2, \cdots, a_n : a_i = \pm 1 \, (i = 1, 2, \cdots, n) \} \subset \mathbb{R}^n \). Prove that, for any \( X \subset A \) with \( |X| > 2^{n+1}/n \), there exist three distinct points in \( X \) that are the vertices of an equilateral triangle.
Determine all polynomials \( P(z) \) with integer coefficients such that, for any complex number \( z \) with \( |z| = 1 \), \( | P(z) | \leq 2 \).
The best solution was submitted by 황성호, 13학번. Congratulations!
Another solution was submitted by 라준현(08학번, +3). Thank you for your participation.
Determine all polynomials \( P(z) \) with integer coefficients such that, for any complex number \( z \) with \( |z| = 1 \), \( | P(z) | \leq 2 \).
Let random variables \( \{ X_r : r \geq 1 \} \) be independent and uniformly distributed on \( [0, 1] \). Let \( 0 < x < 1 \) and define a random variable \[ N = \min \{ n \geq 1 : X_1 + X_2 + \cdots + X_n > x \}.
\]
Find the mean and variance of \( N \).
The best solution was submitted by 김호진, 09학번. Congratulations!
Similar solutions were also submitted by 라준현(08학번, +3), 서기원(09학번, +3), 김범수(10학번, +3), 황성호(13학번, +3), 어수강(서울대, +3), 이시우(POSTECH, +3), Fardad Pouran(Sharif University of Tech, Iran, +3), 양지훈(10학번, +2), 이정민(서울대, +2). Thank you for your participation.
Let random variables \( \{ X_r : r \geq 1 \} \) be independent and uniformly distributed on \( [0, 1] \). Let \( 0 < x < 1 \) and define a random variable
\[
N = \min \{ n \geq 1 : X_1 + X_2 + \cdots + X_n > x \}.
\]
Find the mean and variance of \( N \).
Let \( N > 1000 \) be an integer. Define a sequence \( A_n \) by
\[
A_0 = 1, \, A_1 = 0, \, A_{2k+1} = \frac{2k}{2k+1} A_{2k} + \frac{1}{2k+1} A_{2k-1}, \, A_{2k} = \frac{2k-1}{2k} \frac{A_{2k-1}}{N} + \frac{1}{2k} A_{2k-2}.
\]
Show that the following inequality holds for any integer \( k \) with \( 1 \leq k \leq (1/2) N^{1/3} \).
\[
A_{2k-2} \leq \frac{1}{\sqrt{(2k-2)!}}.
\]
The best solution was submitted by 어수강, 서울대학교 석사과정. Congratulations!
An alternative solution was submitted by 라준현(08학번, +3). Thank you for your participation.
Let \( p \) be a prime number. Let \( S_p \) be the set of all positive integers \( n \) satisfying
\[
x^n – 1 = (x^p – x + 1) f(x) + p g(x)
\]
for some polynomials \( f \) and \( g \) with integer coefficients. Find all \( p \) for which \( p^p -1 \) is the minimum of \( S_p \).
The best solution was submitted by 서기원, 09학번. Congratulations!
Other solutions were submitted by 라준현(08학번, +3), 어수강(서울대, +3). Thank you for your participation.
Let \( N > 1000 \) be an integer. Define a sequence \( A_n \) by
\[
A_0 = 1, \, A_1 = 0, \, A_{2k+1} = \frac{2k}{2k+1} A_{2k} + \frac{1}{2k+1} A_{2k-1}, \, A_{2k} = \frac{2k-1}{2k} \frac{A_{2k-1}}{N} + \frac{1}{2k} A_{2k-2}.
\]
Show that the following inequality holds for any integer \( k \) with \( 1 \leq k \leq (1/2) N^{1/3} \).
\[
A_{2k-2} \leq \frac{1}{\sqrt{(2k-2)!}}.
\]