2022-11 groups with torsions

Does there exists a finitely generated group which contains torsion elements of order p for all prime numbers p?

Solutions for POW 2022-11 are due July 4th (Saturday), 12PM, and it will remain open if nobody solved it.

Solution: 2022-09 A chaotic election

Let \(A_1,\dots, A_k\) be presidential candidates in a country with \(n \geq 1\) voters with \(k\geq 2\). Candidates themselves are not voters. Each voter has her/his own preference on those \(k\) candidates.

Find maximum \(m\) such that the following scenario is possible where \(A_{k+1}\) indicates the candidate \(A_1\): for each \(i\in [k]\), there are at least \(m\) voters who prefers \(A_i\) to \(A_{i+1}\).

The best solution was submitted by 이명규 (KAIST 전산학부 20학번, +4). Congratulations!

Here is the best solution of problem 2022-09.

Other solutions were submitted by 조유리 (문현여고 3학년, +3), 박기찬 (KAIST 새내기과정학부 22학번, +3), 김기수 (KAIST 수리과학과 18학번, +3), 여인영 (KAIST 물리학과 20학번, +3).

2022-10 Polynomial with root 1

Prove or disprove the following:

For any positive integer \( n \), there exists a polynomial \( P_n \) of degree \( n^2 \) such that

(1) all coefficients of \( P_n \) are integers with absolute value at most \( n^2 \), and

(2) \( 1 \) is a root of \( P_n =0 \) with multiplicity at least \( n \).

Solution: 2022-08 two sequences

For positive integers \(n \geq 2\), let \(a_n = \lceil n/\pi \rceil \) and let \(b_n = \lceil \csc (\pi/n) \rceil \). Is \(a_n = b_n\) for all \(n \neq 3\)?

The best solution was submitted by 김기수 (KAIST 수리과학과 18학번, +4). Congratulations!

Here is the best solution of problem 2022-08.

Other solutions were submitted by 조유리 (문현여고 3학년, +3), 이명규 (KAIST 전산학부 20학번, +3), 박기찬 (KAIST 새내기과정학부 22학번, +3), 여인영 (KAIST 물리학과 20학번, +3).

2022-09 A chaotic election

Let \(A_1,\dots, A_k\) be presidential candidates in a country with \(n \geq 1\) voters with \(k\geq 2\). Candidates themselves are not voters. Each voter has her/his own preference on those \(k\) candidates.

Find maximum \(m\) such that the following scenario is possible where \(A_{k+1}\) indicates the candidate \(A_1\): for each \(i\in [k]\), there are at least \(m\) voters who prefers \(A_i\) to \(A_{i+1}\).

Solution: 2022-07 Coulomb potential

Prove the following identity for \( x, y \in \mathbb{R}^3 \):
\[
\frac{1}{|x-y|} = \frac{1}{\pi^3} \int_{\mathbb{R}^3} \frac{1}{|x-z|^2} \frac{1}{|y-z|^2} dz.
\]

The best solution was submitted by 조유리 (문현여고 3학년, +4). Congratulations!

Here is the best solution of problem 2022-07.

Other solutions were submitted by 이종민 (KAIST 물리학과 21학번, +3), 박기찬 (KAIST 새내기과정학부 22학번, +3), 김기수 (KAIST 수리과학과 18학번, +3), 여인영 (KAIST 물리학과 20학번, +3), 채지석 (KAIST 수리과학과 대학원생, +3), 이상민 (KAIST 수리과학과 대학원생, +3), 나영준 (연세대학교 의학과 18학번, +3).

2022-08 two sequences

For positive integers \(n \geq 2\), let \(a_n = \lceil n/\pi \rceil \) and let \(b_n = \lceil \csc (\pi/n) \rceil \). Is \(a_n = b_n\) for all \(n \neq 3\)?

Solutions are due May 13th (Friday), 6PM, and it will remain open if nobody solved it.

2022-07 Coulomb potential

Prove the following identity for \( x, y \in \mathbb{R}^3 \):
\[
\frac{1}{|x-y|} = \frac{1}{\pi^3} \int_{\mathbb{R}^3} \frac{1}{|x-z|^2} \frac{1}{|y-z|^2} dz.
\]

Solutions are due May 6th (Friday), 6PM, and it will remain open if nobody solved it.

Solution: 2022-06 A way of putting parentheses


We have an expression \(x_0 \div x_1 \div x_2 \div \dots \div x_n\). A way of putting \(n-1\) left parentheses and \(n-1\) right parenthese is called ‘parenthesization’ if it is valid and completely clarify the order of operations. For example, when \(n=3\), we have the following five parenthesizations.
\[ ((x_0\div x_1)\div x_2)\div x_3, \enspace (x_0\div (x_1\div x_2))\div x_3, \enspace (x_0\div x_1)\div (x_2\div x_3),\]
\[x_0\div ((x_1\div x_2)\div x_3), \enspace x_0\div (x_1\div (x_2\div x_3)).
\]


(a) For an integer \(n\), how many parenthesizations are there?
(b) For each parenthesization, we can compute the expression to obtain a fraction with some variables in the numerator and some variable in the denominator. For an integer \(n\), determine which fraction occur most often. How many times does it occur?

The best solution was submitted by 나영준 (연세대학교 의학과 18학번, +4). Congratulations!

Here is the best solution of problem 2022-06.

Other (incomplete) solutions were submitted by 조유리 (문현여고 3학년, +2), 이명규 (KAIST 전산학부 20학번, +2), 박기찬 (KAIST 새내기과정학부 22학번, +2), Antonio Recuero Buleje (+2).