2024-09 Integer sums

Find all positive numbers \(a_1,…,a_{5}\) such that \(a_1^\frac{1}{n} + \cdots + a_{5}^\frac{1}{n}\) is integer for every integer \(n\geq 1.\)

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Solution: 2024-07 Limit of a sequence

For fixed positive numbers \( x_1, x_2, \dots, x_m \), we define a sequence \( \{ a_n \} \) by \( a_n = x_n \) for \(n \leq m \) and
\[
a_n = a_{n-1}^r + a_{n-2}^r + \dots + a_{n-k}^r
\]
for \( n > m \), where \( r \in (0, 1) \). Find \( \lim_{n \to \infty} a_n \).

The best solution was submitted by 채지석 (KAIST 수리과학과 석박통합과정 21학번, +4). Congratulations!

Here is the best solution of problem 2024-07.

Other solutions were submitted by 김준홍 (KAIST 수리과학과 20학번, +3), 박지운 (KAIST 새내기과정학부 24학번, +3), 정영훈 (KAIST 새내기과정학부 24학번, +3), Anar Rzayev (KAIST 전산학부 19학번, +2), Sasa Sa (+3).

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Notice on POW 2024-05 and POW 2024-06

It is found that there is a flaw in POW 2024-05; some students showed that the collection of all Knotennullstelle numbers is not a discrete subset of \( \mathbb{C} \). We again apologize for the inconvenience.

To acknowledge the students who reported the flaws in POW 2024-05 and POW 2024-06, we decided to give credits to 김준홍 (KAIST 수리과학과 20학번, +4) and 지은성 (KAIST 수리과학과 20학번, +3) for POW 2024-05 and Anar Rzayev (KAIST 전산학부 19학번, +4) for POW 2024-06.

Here is a “solution” of problem 2024-05.

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POW 2024-06 Canceled

It is found that there is a flaw in POW 2024-06; the inequality in the problem is not satisfied with the given g(t). Since it is too late to revise the problem again with a new deadline, we decide to cancel POW 2024-06. We apologize for the inconvenience.

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2024-07 Limit of a sequence

For fixed positive numbers \( x_1, x_2, \dots, x_m \), we define a sequence \( \{ a_n \} \) by \( a_n = x_n \) for \(n \leq m \) and
\[
a_n = a_{n-1}^r + a_{n-2}^r + \dots + a_{n-k}^r
\]
for \( n > m \), where \( r \in (0, 1) \). Find \( \lim_{n \to \infty} a_n \).

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Notice on POW 2024-06

In POW 2024-06, there was a typo in the assumption. It is now corrected that the assumption holds for \( t \in [-1, 1] \). (Originally, it was for \( t \in \mathbb{R} \).)

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2024-06 Limit of concave functions

Let \(f_n(t)\), \(n=1,2…\) be a sequence of concave functions on \(\mathbb{R}\). Assume \(\liminf_{n\to\infty} f_n(t) \geq 2024\,t^{5}+3\) for \(t\in [-1, 1]\) and \(\lim_{n\to \infty} f_n(0) = 3\). Suppose \(f_n'(0)\) exist for \(n=1,2,…\). Compute \(\lim_{n\to \infty} f_n'(0)\).

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