2021-06 A nondecreasing subsequence

Let \(\mathcal{A}_n\) be the collection of all sequences \( \mathbf{a}= (a_1,\dots, a_n) \) with \(a_i \in [i]\) for all \(i\in [n]=\{1,2,\dots, n\}\). A nondecreasing \(k\)-subsequence of \(\mathbf{a}\) is a subsequence \( (a_{i_1}, a_{i_2},\dots, a_{i_k}) \) such that \(i_1< i_2< \dots < i_k\) and \(a_{i_1}\leq a_{i_2}\leq \dots \leq a_{i_k}\). For given \(k\), determine the smallest \(n\) such that any sequence \(\mathbf{a}\in \mathcal{A}_n\) has a nondecreasing \(k\)-subsequence.

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Solution: 2021-04 Product of matrices

For an \( n \times n \) matrix \( M \) with real eigenvalues, let \( \lambda(M) \) be the largest eigenvalue of \( M\). Prove that for any positive integer \( r \) and positive semidefinite matrices \( A, B \),

\[[\lambda(A^m B^m)]^{1/m} \leq [\lambda(A^{m+1} B^{m+1})]^{1/(m+1)}.\]

The best solution was submitted by 고성훈 (수리과학과 2018학번, +4). Congratulations!

Here is his solution of problem 2021-04.

Another solutions was submitted by 김건우 (수리과학과 2017학번, +3),

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Solution: 2021-03 A placement of rooks on a chessboard

Consider an \(n\) by \(n\) chessboard with white/black squares alternating on every row and every column. In how many ways can one choose \(k\) white squares and \(n-k\) black squares from this chessboard with no two squares in a row or column.

The best solution was submitted by 강한필 (전산학부 2016학번, +4). Congratulations!

Here is his solution of problem 2021-03.

Other solutions was submitted by 하석민 (수리과학과 2017학번, +3), 고성훈 (수리과학과 2015학번, +3), 전해구 (기계공학과 졸업생, +3).

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2021-03 A placement of rooks on a chessboard

Consider an \(n\) by \(n\) chessboard with white/black squares alternating on every row and every column. In how many ways can one choose \(k\) white squares and \(n-k\) black squares from this chessboard with no two squares in a row or column.

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Solution: 2021-02 Inscribed triangles

Show that for any triangle T and any Jordan curve C in the Euclidean plane, there exists a triangle inscribed in C which is similar to T.

The best solution was submitted by 강한필 (전산학부 2016학번, +4). Congratulations!

Here is his solution of problem 2021-02.

Other solutions was submitted by 하석민 (수리과학과 2017학번, +3), 박은아 (수리과학과 2015학번, +2).

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Solution: 2021-01 Single-digit number

Prove that for any given positive integer \( n \), there exists a sequence of the following operations that transforms \( n \) to a single-digit number (in decimal representation).

1) multiply a given positive integer by any positive integer.

2) remove all zeros in the decimal representation of a given positive integer.

The best solution was submitted by 강한필 (전산학부 2016학번, +4). Congratulations!

Here is his solution of problem 2021-01.

Other solutions was submitted by 김기수 (수리과학과 2018학번), 박은아 (수리과학과 2015학번, +3), 전해구 (기계공학과 졸업생).

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