In Seoul Subway Line 2, subway stations are placed around a circular subway line. Assume that each segment of Seoul Subway Line 2 has a fixed price. Suppose that you hid money at each subway station so that the sum of the money is only enough for one roundtrip around Seoul Subway Line 2.
Prove that there is a station that you can start and take a roundtrip tour of Seoul Subway Line 2 while paying each segment by the money collected at visited stations.
For a nonnegative integer n, let \(F_n(x)=\sum_{m=0}^n \frac{(-2)^m (2n-m)! \Gamma(x+1)}{m! (n-m)! \Gamma(x-m+1)}\). Find all x such that Fn(x)=0.
For a real number x, let d(x)=minn:integer (x-n)2. Evaluate the following double infinite series:
. . . + 8 d(x/8)+4 d(x/4) + 2 d(x/2) + d(x) + d(2x) / 2 + d(4x)/4 + d(8x)/8 + . . .
Find all n≥2 such that the polynomial xn-xn-1-xn-2-…-x-1 is irreducible over the rationals.
Let f(x) be a continuous function on I=[a,b], and let g(x) be a differentiable function on I. Let g(a)=0 and c≠0 a constant. Prove that if
|g(x) f(x)+c g′(x)|≤|g(x)| for all x∈I,
then g(x)=0 for all x∈I.
Let f(n) be the maximum positive integer m such that the sum of all positive divisors of m is less than or equal to n. Find all positive integers k such that there are infinitely many positive integers n satisfying the equation n-f(n)=k.
Let A1, A2, A3, …, An be finite sets such that |Ai| is odd for all 1≤i≤n and |Ai∩Aj| is even for all 1≤i<j≤n. Prove that it is possible to pick one element ai in each set Ai so that a1, a2, …,an are distinct.
Let n be a positive integer. Let ω=cos(2π/n)+i sin(2π/n). Suppose that A, B are two complex square matrices such that AB=ω BA. Prove that (A+B)n=An+Bn.
For a positive integer n>1, let f(n) be the largest real number such that for every n×n diagonal matrix M with positive diagonal entries, if tr(M)<f(n), then M-J is invertible. Determine f(n). (The matrix J is the square matrix with all entries 1.)
(Due to a mistake, the problem is fixed at 3:30PM Friday.)
Let a1, a2, … be a sequence of non-negative real numbers less than or equal to 1. Let \(S_n=\sum_{i=1}^n a_i\) and \(T_n=\sum_{i=1}^n S_i\). Prove or disprove that \(\sum_{n=1}^\infty a_n/T_n\) converges. (Assume a1>0.)