Suppose that \( T \) is an \( N \times N \) matrix
\[
T = \begin{pmatrix}
a_1 & b_1 & 0 & \cdots & 0 \\
b_1 & a_2 & b_2 & \ddots & \vdots \\
0 & b_2 & a_3 & \ddots & 0 \\
\vdots & \ddots & \ddots & \ddots & b_{N-1} \\
0 & \cdots & 0 & b_{N-1} & a_N
\end{pmatrix}
\]
with \( b_i > 0 \) for \( i =1, 2, \dots, N-1 \). Prove that \( T \) has \( N \) distinct eigenvalues.
For any positive integers m and n, show that
\[ C_{n,m} = \frac{(mn)!}{(m!)^n n!} \] is an integer.
The best solution was submitted by 이영민 (수리과학과 대학원생). Congratulations!
Here is his solution of problem 2019-02.
Other solutions were submitted by Alfonso Alvarenga (전산학부 2015학번, +3), 고성훈 (2018학번, +3), 길현준 (2018학번, +3), 김기수 (수리과학과 2018학번), 김민서 (2019학번, +3), 김태균 (수리과학과 2016학번, +3), 박건규 (수리과학과 2015학번, +3), 박수찬 (전산학부 2017학번, +3), 박현영 (전기및전자공학부 2016학번, +3), 윤현민 (수리과학과 2018학번), 이본우 (수리과학과 2017학번, +3), 이상윤 (UCLA, +3), 이정환 (수리과학과 2015학번, +3), 이종서 (2019학번, +3), 이태영 (수리과학과 졸업생, +3), 조재형 (수리과학과 2016학번, +3), 조정휘 (건국대학교 수학과 2014학번, +3), 채지석 (수리과학과 2016학번, +3), 최백규 (생명과학과 2016학번, +3). Late solutions are not graded.