Over recent years, data science and machine learning have been the center of attention in both the scientific community and the general public. Closely tied to the ‘AI-hype’, these fields are enjoying expanding scientific influence as well as a booming job market. In this talk, I will first discuss why mathematical knowledge is important for becoming a good machine learner and/or data scientist, by covering various topics in modern deep learning research. I will then introduce my recent efforts in utilizing various deep learning methods for statistical analysis of mathematical simulations and observational data, including surrogate modeling, parameter estimation, and long-term trend reconstruction. Various scientific application examples will be discussed, including ocean diffusivity estimation, WRF-hydro calibration, AMOC reconstruction, and SIR calibration.
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